领导者经常和下属建立私人情谊, 这种私人情谊能让领导人与下属沟通更有效、更易获得下属的信任和非正式的反馈。下属也从中得到更多的资源支持、工作协助、提升和收入。尽管如此,领导人通常不能和所有下属建立紧密的个人联系,结果人为地创造了一批内部圈子——朋友和外部圈子—— Leaders often establish personal relationships with their subordinates. Such personal relationships make it more effective for leaders to communicate with subordinates and to gain more trust and informal feedback from subordinates. Subordinates also get more resources to support, work assistance, promotion and income. In spite of this, leaders often can not establish close personal contacts with all their subordinates. As a result, they have created a number of internal circles - friends and outsiders -