目的观察右美托咪定与氯胺酮口服与肌内注射氯胺酮在小儿麻醉应用与术后精神状况。方法 100例患儿被随机分成两组,研究组术前口服右美托咪定与氯胺酮麻醉,对照组肌内注射氯胺酮麻醉。记录给药过程患儿的接受程度、苏醒时间(呼之睁眼),使用Funk神经行为评分法评估患儿与父母分离、静脉穿刺时、患儿苏醒后30min内的行为变化及不良反应。结果给药合作情况、患儿术后苏醒时间、不良反应发生率研究组均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论术前30min口服右美托咪定、氯胺酮用于小儿基础麻醉更易被患儿及家长接受,减少术后患儿苏醒期不良精神症状发生。 Objective To observe the application of dexmedetomidine and ketamine both orally and intramuscularly to ketamine in pediatric anesthesia and postoperative mental condition. Methods One hundred cases were randomly divided into two groups. The study group was given oral dexmedetomidine and ketamine anesthesia, and the control group was injected intramuscularly with ketamine. The acceptability and recovery time of children during the administration were recorded. Funk’s neurobehavioral score was used to evaluate the behavioral changes and adverse reactions within 30 minutes after the children recovered when they were separated from their parents and venous puncture. Results The cooperation of drug delivery, the recovery time of postoperative children and the incidence of adverse reactions in the study group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion 30min preoperative oral dexmedetomidine, ketamine for pediatric basic anesthesia is more likely to be accepted by children and parents, reduce postoperative awake awake psychiatric symptoms.