近半个世纪以来,中国近代史研究多以政治斗争为中心,经济次之,文化又次之,至于统治阶级内部活动则更次之。发生于清朝末年长达十年的清末新政,长期很少有人间津。近年学术繁荣,关于清末新政的研究也日趋活跃,但众说纷纭,分歧较大。张 In the past half a century, most of the studies on Chinese modern history centered on political struggle, followed by economy and culture, while the internal activities of the ruling class were followed. Occurred in the late Qing Dynasty up to 10 years of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty, long-term human Tianjin. Academic prosperity in recent years, the study on the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty has also become increasingly active, but different opinions, divergence. Zhang