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通过对136份夏大豆种质资源的12项农艺性状及产量性状进行综合分析与评价,筛选出适宜西南地区的夏大豆种质。结果表明:参试品种表型性状的变异系数为6.30%~47.06%,说明参试种质资源有着比较丰富的表型多样性。通过对12项性状的相关分析表明,单株粒重与有效分枝数、主茎节数、单株荚数、每荚粒数、营养生长期和生育期呈极显著正相关,与最低分枝高度呈极显著负相关。对产量和其他性状进行多元线性逐步回归表明,单株荚数、每荚粒数、百粒重和最低分枝高度可以解释89.9%的因变量变异。通径分析表明,每荚粒数对产量的直接正效应最大,最低分枝高度的直接作用和综合作用均表现为负,综合效应排列次序为:单株荚数>每荚粒数>百粒重>最低分枝高。利用主成分分析可以提取出3个主成分来反映这12项性状指标的信息,累计贡献率达65.08%。根据主成分得分并借助权重计算的综合得分把136份大豆品种聚类成4类,其中第Ⅰ类的8个大豆材料表现为株高较高、底荚较高、最低分枝高较低、主茎节数较多、单株荚数和每荚粒数较多、百粒重较小,生育期较长,适宜作为西南地区的育种材料。
Through comprehensive analysis and evaluation on 12 agronomic traits and yield traits of 136 soybean germplasm resources, the summer soybean germplasm suitable for southwest China was screened out. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the phenotypic traits of the tested cultivars ranged from 6.30% to 47.06%, indicating that the germplasm resources of the tested cultivars are rich in phenotypic diversity. Through the correlation analysis of 12 traits, the grain weight per plant was significantly and positively correlated with the number of effective branches, the number of main stems, the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per pod, vegetative growth period and growth period, Branch height was significantly negative correlation. A multivariate linear step-by-step regression of yield and other traits indicated that 89.9% of the dependent variable variation was explained by pods per pod, 100-grain weight and the lowest branch height. Path analysis showed that the direct positive effect of yield per pod was the largest, and the direct and combined effects of the lowest branch height were all negative. The order of comprehensive effect was pods per plant> pods per pod> Heavy> lowest branch height. Using principal component analysis, three principal components can be extracted to reflect the information of 12 trait indexes, with a cumulative contribution rate of 65.08%. 136 soybean cultivars were clustered into 4 groups based on the principal component score and the composite score calculated by weight. Among them, the 8 soybean cultivars in class Ⅰ showed higher plant height, higher pod, lower minimum height, The number of main stems is large, the number of pods per plant and the number of grains per pod are relatively large, the weight of hundred kernels is small, and the growth period is longer, which is suitable for breeding materials in the southwest area.