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目的了解遵义市城区生吃蔬菜中沙门菌和志贺菌的污染状况,为该市生吃蔬菜卫生状况做出评价,以预防食源性疾病的暴发。方法样品采自遵义市较大的农贸市场中的个体菜农,按照卫生部有关规定,采取随机抽样的方法进行采集样品,对样本进行不同次数的日常清洗后,依据GB/T4789-2008,分别进行大肠菌群、沙门菌以及志贺菌分离培养、革兰染色、生化反应及因子血清学鉴定。结果检测葱、香菜以及生菜共135份,共检测出大肠菌群106株,总检出率78.52%,其95%置信区间为77.83%~85.45%,肠道致病菌47株,总检出率34.81%,其95%置信区间为26.78%~42.85%;其中两次清洗组大肠菌群检出率86.78%,肠道致病菌检出率53.33%,检出沙门菌15株,检出率33.33%,志贺菌9株,检出率20.00%;三次清洗组中大肠菌群检出率68.93%,肠道致病菌检出率37.78%,其中检出沙门菌11株,检出率24.44%,志贺菌6株,检出率13.34%;五次清洗组中大肠菌群检出率30.23%,肠道致病菌检出率13.33%,其中检出沙门菌5株,检出率11.11%,志贺菌1株,检出率2.22%。沙门菌在生吃蔬菜中污染率最高(22.96%),而生菜带菌率较高;在不同清洗组中,清洗次数越多的组,其致病菌检出率越低(P<0.005)。结论遵义市城区生吃蔬菜存在明显的食源性致病菌污染,建议有关部门加强对生食蔬菜安全监督和管理,制定相关标准,建立完善的食品安全监测体系。
Objective To understand the pollution status of Salmonella and Shigella in raw vegetables in Zunyi city and to evaluate the hygienic condition of raw vegetables in the city so as to prevent the outbreak of foodborne diseases. Methods The samples were collected from individual vegetable farmers in the larger farmers’ market of Zunyi City. Samples were collected by random sampling according to the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Health. After cleaning the samples for different times daily, the samples were taken according to GB / T4789-2008 Coliforms, Salmonella and Shigella isolated culture, Gram stain, biochemical reactions and factor serological identification. Results A total of 135 onions, coriander and lettuce were detected. Of them, 106 strains of coliform were detected, with the total detection rate of 78.52%, 95% confidence interval of 77.83% ~ 85.45%, intestinal bacteria 47, total detection Rate was 34.81% with a 95% confidence interval of 26.78% ~ 42.85%. Among them, the detection rate of coliform bacteria was 86.78% in two cleaning groups, the detection rate of enteric pathogens was 53.33%, and 15 strains of Salmonella were detected, Rate of 33.33%, 9 strains of Shigella, the detection rate was 20.00%. The detection rate of coliform bacteria in the three cleaning groups was 68.93%, and the detection rate of enteric pathogens was 37.78%. Among them, 11 strains of Salmonella were detected, Rate of 24.44%, 6 strains of Shigella, the detection rate was 13.34%. The detection rate of coliform bacteria in the five cleaning groups was 30.23% and the detection rate of intestinal pathogenic bacteria was 13.33%. Among them, 5 strains of Salmonella were detected The rate of 11.11%, Shigella strain, the detection rate of 2.22%. Salmonella had the highest contamination rate in raw vegetables (22.96%), while lettuce had a higher rate of infection. In the different cleaning groups, the higher the number of cleaning, the lower the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria (P <0.005). Conclusion There are obvious food-borne pathogenic bacteria pollution in raw vegetables in Zunyi city. It is suggested that the relevant departments should strengthen the supervision and management on the safety of raw vegetables, formulate the relevant standards and establish a sound food safety monitoring system.