论文部分内容阅读
普通小麦是由三个近缘二倍体组成,它们的染色体与共同亲本相比,只有微小的改变,并有大量双重和三重的基因存在,因此用通常方法来作小麦的遗传分析非常困难。自1954年美国的西尔斯(E.R.Sears)创造出一整套“中国春”小麦非整倍体材料(包括单体、缺体、三体等系统)以来,对特定染色体的分析、基因分析和进化分析开辟了新的途径,这些突出的研究成果促使了小麦细胞遗传学的大发展。七十年代以来,这项成果不仅成为研究小麦遗传规律的先进途径,而且有力地促进了小麦育种工作的发展。
Common wheat is composed of three closely related diploids. Their chromosomes have only minor changes compared to their common parents, and a large number of double and triple genes are present. Therefore, it is very difficult to analyze the wheat in the usual way. Since 1954, the American ERSears created a set of “Chinese Spring” wheat aneuploidy materials (including monomer, missing body, trisomy and other systems), the analysis of specific chromosomes, gene analysis and Evolutionary analysis opened up new avenues, and these outstanding achievements have led to the great development of wheat cytogenetics. Since the seventies, this achievement has not only become an advanced way to study the genetic law of wheat, but also has promoted the development of wheat breeding vigorously.