在过去30年时间里,人类开发航天技术领域的总投资达5000亿美元,发射了3000多个航天器。目前已有近60个国家在发展航天技术,而应用航天技术成果的国家已多达150多个,几乎遍及全球。80年代以来,许多国家竞相开发、应用航天技术,使航天工业呈现出一派繁荣景象。美国及前苏联是两个航天大国,两国每年发射的航天器占世界发射总数的95%,在载人航天、行星探测、空间站和航天飞机等方面一直处于领先地位。本文试对美、苏的航天政策作一分析,以揭示航天政策对航天技术发展的作用。 In the past 30 years, the total investment of mankind in developing aerospace technology has reached 500 billion U.S. dollars and more than 3,000 spacecraft were launched. Nearly 60 countries now have space technology in development, and as many as 150 countries have applied space technology achievements, covering almost the whole world. Since the 1980s, many countries have been competing to develop and apply aerospace technology, giving the aerospace industry a booming prosperity. The United States and the former Soviet Union are two space powers. Each year, the two countries occupy 95% of the world’s total launch spacecraft spacecraft. They have been leading the world in manned spacecraft, planetary exploration, space stations and space shuttles. This article attempts to analyze the space policy of the United States and the Soviet Union in order to reveal the role of space policy in the development of space technology.