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[目的]了解上海市地铁车站环境中的鼠类侵害状况,初步探讨与鼠害有关的相关因素。[方法]2013年上海市运营的地铁线路共有12条,根据地铁线路的运营时限,将12条线路划分为4个等级(<5年、5~年、10~年、15~年),10年及以上的地铁线路数量少,故全部选取,其他等级均按照至少50%的比例随机抽取,共抽取8条线路。分别应用目测鼠征法、拖食法以及D2E鼠情智能监测系统于2013年对抽取的8条地铁线路及站点进行鼠害调查,采用问卷调查以及现场调查相结合的方法,收集地铁运行年限、客流量、地铁车站有无商铺以及有害生物防治公司资质等信息。利用卡方检验比较地铁车站不同调查楼层以及不同功能区域鼠害状况的差异,利用直线相关分析法研究鼠害与地铁运行年限、客流量、地铁车站商铺比例的相关性。[结果]在所有调查线路中,2号线鼠害最严重,鼠征阳性率为12.9%,拖食率为20.0%;地铁车站不同调查楼层之间鼠害的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),地下三层鼠征阳性率为71.4%,鼠害最严重;地铁车站不同功能区域间鼠害的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中涉水设备用房为鼠害最重的场所;地铁环境内鼠24 h活动高峰为上午8点到10点。地铁运行年限(r=0.82,P=0.01)、客流量(r=0.99,P=0.01)、地铁车站商铺比例(r=0.81,P=0.03)以及有害生物防治服务机构资质(χ~2=5.61,P<0.05)可能是造成地铁鼠害的主要因素。[结论]鼠害已成为上海地铁环境中的重要公共卫生问题,应采取长期、系统、连续的监测与控制措施。
[Objective] To understand the status of rodent infestation in Shanghai metro stations and to explore the related factors related to rodent infestation. [Methods] A total of 12 subway lines operated in Shanghai in 2013 were divided into 4 levels (<5 years, 5 ~ years, 10 ~ years, 15 ~ years) according to the operation time of subway lines. The number of metro lines in a year and above is small, so all the selected ones are randomly selected according to the proportion of at least 50%. A total of 8 routes are taken. Applying the visual mouse sign method, the dragging method and the D2E rat intelligence monitoring system respectively to conduct the investigation of rodent infestation on 8 subway lines and stations in 2013, the questionnaires and on-the-spot investigation were used to collect the running years, Traffic, subway station with or without shops and pest control company qualification and other information. The chi-squared test was used to compare the differences in rodent status between different survey floors and functional areas of the subway station. The correlation between the rodent and the subway service life, traffic volume and the ratio of subway station shops was studied by using the linear correlation analysis. [Result] The rodent infestation on line 2 was the most serious among all the surveyed lines. The positive rate of rodents was 12.9% and the rate of dragging was 20.0%. The difference of rats’ rodents in different survey floors of subway station was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The positive rate of the three underground mice was 71.4%, and the rat was the most serious. The difference of rats in different functional areas of subway station was statistically significant (P <0.01) The subway station 24 h activity peak is 8:00 to 10:00. (R = 0.99, P = 0.01), the ratio of subway station shops (r = 0.81, P = 0.03) and the pest management service qualification (χ ~ 2 = 5.61, P <0.05) may be the main cause of rodent pests in the subway. [Conclusion] Rodent has become an important public health problem in the subway environment in Shanghai. Long-term, systematic and continuous monitoring and control measures should be taken.