本文通过主成分分析,估测65个大豆品种在产量、生育期、株型等10个主要农艺性状上的遗传距离。用类平均法将65个品种分成19类。结果表明,视本的地理分布与遗传差异无必然联系。根据各品种的主成分值,评出12个综合性状优良的大豆品种。研究认为,在杂交亲本选配时,应以品种的综合表现和遗传距离作为选择依据。 Through principal component analysis, we estimated the genetic distance of 65 soybean cultivars in 10 major agronomic traits, such as yield, growth period and plant type. 65 species were divided into 19 categories using the average method. The results show that there is no necessary relationship between the geographical distribution and the genetic differences. According to the principal component values ​​of each variety, 12 varieties with good comprehensive characters were selected. According to the research, when hybrid parents are selected, the comprehensive performance and genetic distance of varieties should be taken as the basis of selection.