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虽然麻醉中并不经常发生肺栓塞,但肺栓塞是麻醉中出现意外时常考虑的问题,而麻醉中肺栓塞的诊断是困难的。本文综述肺栓塞的一般问题,并讨论其对麻醉的特殊意义。一、流行病学由于很多病人的肺栓塞临床上未能作出诊断或诊断错误,所以肺栓塞的发生率很难估价。尸检研究表明,明确的肺栓塞占死亡病例的7～14%。美国估计每年死于肺栓塞者为5～20万,估计每年肺栓塞总例数约30～60万左右,而深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的发生率大致是其四倍多。
Although pulmonary embolism does not occur infrequently in anesthesia, pulmonary embolism is a frequently-encountered problem in anesthesia accidents, and the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in anesthesia is difficult. This article reviews the general issues of pulmonary embolism and discusses its special implications for anesthesia. First, epidemiology Many patients with pulmonary embolism clinically failed to make a diagnosis or diagnosis error, so the incidence of pulmonary embolism is difficult to value. Autopsy studies have shown that clear pulmonary embolism accounted for 7 to 14% of deaths. The United States estimates that 500,000 to 200,000 people die of pulmonary embolism each year. It is estimated that the total number of pulmonary embolism cases is about 300,000 to 600,000 per year. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is about four times that.