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目的探讨农村高中独生女与非独生女心理健康状况和个性差异,以及心理健康与个性差异之间的关系。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90),测量被试的心理健康水平;采用艾森克人格量表(EPQ)测量被试的个性特征;自编量表调查学生的一般家庭状况。以高一至高三女生为研究对象,对独生女与非独生女两类人群进行对照研究,观察二者个性与心理健康的异同。结果在农村高中女生中,非独生女SCL-90的躯体化和人际关系敏感因子得分高于独生女,EPQ的E分低于独生女,P<0.05或0.01。SCL-90的各症状因子分与人格特征具有相关性;SCL-90的各症状因子分与N分、P分呈正相关,与N分相关系数最高;与E分、L分呈负相关,P<0.05或0.01。结论农村高中独生女的心理健康水平、情绪稳定性略好于非独生女,而且更倾向于外向。是否独生这一因素对于心理健康水平和人格特征具有一定的影响作用,在农村环境中,女性受这一因素的影响可能更明显。
Objective To explore the differences of mental health status and personality between singleton and non-singleton in rural high school and the relationship between mental health and individual differences. Methods The self-rating Symptom Scale (SCL-90) was used to measure the mental health of the subjects. The EPQ was used to measure personality characteristics of the subjects. Self-rating scales were used to investigate the general family status of the students. Taking the high schoolgirls and the high schoolgirls as the research object, we compared the two groups of only-child and non-only-daughters, and observed their similarities and differences in personality and mental health. Results In rural high school girls, the somatization and interpersonal sensitivity scores of SCL-90 in non-only women were higher than that of only children, and the score of EPQ was lower than that of only children (P <0.05 or 0.01). The symptom scores of SCL-90 were correlated with personality traits. Each symptom score of SCL-90 was positively correlated with N score and P score, highest with N score, negative correlation with E score and L score, P <0.05 or 0.01. Conclusion The mental health status and emotional stability of singletons in rural high school are slightly better than that of non-only girls, and tend to be more outward-oriented. Whether or not the only child has a certain impact on the mental health and personality characteristics of women, in rural environment, women may be more affected by this factor.