我国大型露天矿的开发,主要始于五十年代第一个五年计划期间。六十年代,鞍钢大孤山、武钢大冶、包钢白云鄂博等铁矿及甘肃白银厂铜矿相继由山坡露天转为凹陷露天。由于露天开采广泛使用大型机械设备,污染源排放强度比地下开采大得多,同时,露天开采的有用矿物比重逐年增大,深凹露天矿的数量与规模也逐年增多,因此露天矿的大气污染危害逐渐暴露与扩大,从而开始引起了人们的注意。 The development of large-scale open pit mines in our country mainly began during the first five-year plan of the 1950s. In the 1960s, the iron mines such as Dagushan, Wugang Daye, Baotou Bayan Obo and Gansu Baiyinchang copper mines were successively converted from open slopes to open hollows. Due to the extensive use of large-scale machinery and equipment in open-pit mining, emission intensity of pollution sources is much greater than underground mining. At the same time, the proportion of useful minerals in open-pit mining increases year by year and the number and size of deep open-pit mines increase year by year. Gradually exposed and expanded, which began to attract people’s attention.