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初级视觉皮质位于距状沟两侧，是直接接受视觉刺激的原始感觉区。标本研究发现，初级视觉皮质内除了含有无数类型、结构、密度和朝向不同的神经细胞外，还含有纵横交错的有髓神经纤维。近年来，随着MRI设备及成像技术的飞速发展，MRI能够提供具有更高空间分辨率的影像，已成为研究活体初级视觉皮质纤维构筑的重要影像检查方法。本文主要对初级视觉皮质的纤维构筑特点及其MRI研究进展进行综述。“,”The primary visual cortex is the original sensory area receiving visual input,situated in the calcarine sulcus.The ca-daveric specimens study reported that the primary visual cortex not only contained numerous neural cells with different types con-structions densities and orientations, but also had crisscrossed myelinated nerve fibers.In recent years,with the rapid development of MRI equipment and technical progress, MRI can provide higher spatial resolution images, which enable to study the myeloar-chitecture of the primary visual cortex in vivo.This article mainly summarizes the myeloarchitecture features and MR researches progress in the human primary visual cortex .