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目的：对北京市丰台区446例1~6岁健康体检儿童进行全血红细胞参数及微量元素铁（Fe）进行调查分析，为早期发现儿童铁缺乏及缺铁性贫血提供依据。方法采用法国ABXpentra全自动血液分析仪检测健康体检儿童全血血常规及微量元素铁（Fe），对缺铁组及铁正常组血红蛋白(Hb)及红细胞参数平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白量（MCH）、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW-CV，CV）进行统计学分析。结果446例儿童中贫血12例，占2.6%。血清铁降低组与正常组Hb、MCV、MCH、MCHC、CV比较有显著差异。结论分析红细胞参数有助于筛查和早期发现儿童铁缺乏，有助于及时对铁缺乏的儿童进行早期饮食及生活指导干预等措施，从而减少儿童缺铁性贫血（IDA）的发生。“,”Objective 446 cases of 1-6 years old healthy children were investigated and analyzed on the red blood cell parameters and trace elements iron of whole blood in Fengtai District of Peking , and provide the basis for the early detection of children with iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia . Methods The French ABXpentra automatic blood analyzer was used to measure the red blood cell parameters and trace elements iron of whole blood of healthy children, and hemoglobin (HB), red blood cell parameters mean erythrocyte volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH), the average red cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW-CV, CV) were statistical analyzed respectively in iron deficiency and normal group . Results Among 446 children, 12 cases were anemia, accounting for 2.6%. There were significant differences in serum iron decreased group and the normal group in term of Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, CV. Conclusion Red cell parameters are helpful for early screening and diagnosis of iron deficiency in children, and also contributed to the timely intervention in the children with iron deficiency in dietary and lifestyle, thereby reducing the children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA).