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目的探讨陕西农村更年期妇女潮热症状的发生情况及影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法抽取陕西省陕南、陕北、关中5个县的825名40~60岁农村妇女进行问卷调查,在回收的问卷中,790份问卷合格,合格率达95.8%。结果①陕西农村更年期妇女潮热的发生率为55.7%(440例),潮热发生的平均年龄为(47.45±6.55)岁,平均持续时间为(3.58±2.76)年。在潮热妇女中轻、中、重度潮热分别占48.2%(212例)、42.9%(189例)和8.9%(39例),潮热发生至少每日1次者占35.5%(156例)。②潮热组与无潮热组妇女在年龄、婚姻状况、职业、收入、月经不调、饮食、乳制品消费、吸烟、饮酒量及更年期知识的获得方式等因素无关(P>0.05)。潮热组与无潮热组妇女比较,潮热组文化程度偏低(χ2=37.613,P<0.01),生产次数(χ2=9.391,P=0.02)、食用豆制品(χ2=12.724,P<0.01)、体育锻炼(χ2=44.730,P<0.01)、对更年期的了解(χ2=46.202,P<0.01)较无潮热组少,家人对妇女的态度(χ2=16.343,P<0.01)较无潮热组差,性生活满意度(χ2=10.518,P<0.01)较无潮热组低,身体质量指数(χ2=8.109,P=0.02)和腰臀比(χ2=20.469,P<0.01)较无潮热组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③农村更年期妇女的文化程度与潮热程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论陕西农村妇女更年期潮热的发生率相对较高;其文化程度、生育情况、豆制品食用情况、是否体育锻炼、对更年期认识程度、性生活情况、家人对更年期妇女的态度、身体质量指数和腰臀比等因素与潮热症状的发生有关。
Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of hot flashes in rural menopause women in Shaanxi Province. Methods A total of 825 rural women aged 40-60 years from 5 villages in southern Shaanxi, northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong were enrolled in this study. The questionnaires were collected from 790 questionnaires and the pass rate was 95.8% . Results ① The prevalence of hot flashes in rural menopausal women in Shaanxi Province was 55.7% (440 cases). The average age of hot flashes was (47.45 ± 6.55) years and the average duration was (3.58 ± 2.76) years. Among the hot flashes women, mild, moderate and severe hot flashes accounted for 48.2% (212 cases), 42.9% (189 cases) and 8.9% (39 cases) respectively, while those with hot flashes at least once daily accounted for 35.5% (156 cases ). (2) There was no correlation between the hot flashes group and the no-hot flashes group in age, marital status, occupation, income, irregular menstruation, diet, consumption of dairy products, smoking, drinking amount and ways to obtain knowledge of menopause (P> 0.05). In the hot flashes group, compared with those in the no-hot flashes group, the degree of culture in the hot flashes group was lower (χ2 = 37.613, P <0.01), the number of times of production (χ2 = 9.391, (Χ2 = 46.202, P <0.01) was less than that in the group without hot flashes (χ2 = 44.730, P <0.01). The attitude of the family members to women (χ2 = 16.343, P <0.01) (Χ2 = 8.109, P = 0.02) and waist-to-hip ratio (χ2 = 20.469, P <0.01) ) Than those without hot flashes, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). (3) There is a negative correlation between the degree of hot flashes and the degree of menopause women in rural areas (P <0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of hot flashes in menopause is relatively high in rural areas of Shaanxi Province. The educational level, birth status, food consumption of soy products, physical activity, awareness of menopause, sex life, attitude of family members to menopausal women, body mass index and Waist to hip ratio and other factors related to the occurrence of hot flashes.