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多年来,RNA 分子一直被认为是小角色:它仅仅从 DNA那里获得自己的顺序,并将遗传信息转换成蛋白质。但最近10年,生物学上最重要的进展是发现 RNA 分子调控基因表达。即小 RNA 能关闭基因的表达,或改变基因表达的水平,指导着细胞的定向分化并决定细胞的命运。其核心是 RNA干涉(RNAi)。RNAi 是指在真核生物细胞内,由双链 RNA(dsRNA)介导同源序列信使 RNA(mRNA)的特异性降解,从而导致基因沉默的现象。RNAi 技术是用20多个核苷酸组成的短双链 RNA 代替传统反义核酸进行转录后基因沉默,已经迅速而广泛地应用到基因功能、基因表达调控机制
For years, RNA molecules have long been considered small roles: they only derive their own sequence from DNA and convert genetic information into proteins. However, the most significant biological advance in the last decade has been the discovery that RNA molecules regulate gene expression. That small RNA can turn off gene expression, or change the level of gene expression, and guide the directional differentiation of cells and determine the fate of cells. Its core is RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi refers to the phenomenon of gene silencing caused by the specific degradation of homologous sequences messenger RNA (mRNA) mediated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in eukaryotic cells. RNAi technology is a short double-stranded RNA consisting of more than 20 nucleotides instead of the traditional antisense nucleic acid for post-transcriptional gene silencing, which has been rapidly and widely applied to gene function, gene expression and regulation mechanisms