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为了研究风蚀水蚀交错区土壤侵蚀的地貌空间分布特征,选取内蒙古十大孔兑之一的东柳沟,利用地理信息系统和遥感技术,将流域土壤侵蚀强度空间分布数据与数字高程模型数据进行叠加,得到土壤侵蚀强度在坡度、坡向、起伏度、粗糙度等地貌因子上的分布特征。结果显示:东柳沟水土流失程度达77.54%,其中水力侵蚀占15.10%,风力侵蚀占62.44%),且风力侵蚀以中度以为主。流域风蚀和水蚀产生的水土流失面积比例最大的坡度、起伏度、地表粗糙度并不是土壤侵蚀综合指数最大值出现的区域。坡度、起伏度、粗糙度与不同等级的水力侵蚀面积比例呈现单峰趋势;而与不同等级的风力侵蚀面积比例具有非常好的一致性且随坡度、起伏度和地表粗糙度的增大而减小。水力侵蚀面积随坡度的增大先增大后减小,峰值集中在>3°~6°范围内,而风力侵蚀面积主要集中在6°以下的区域;水力侵蚀主要集中在东北与西南2个坡向,而风力侵蚀在各个坡向变化趋势一致且东北坡向比例最大;风力侵蚀受地表起伏度和粗糙度影响大于水力侵蚀且呈现线性负相关性。该研究可为风蚀水蚀交错区水土保持治理提供理论支持。
In order to study the spatial distribution of soil erosion in the ecotone between wind erosion and water erosion, we selected Dongliugou which is one of the top ten boreholes in Inner Mongolia. Using geographic information system and remote sensing technology, the spatial distribution of soil erosion intensity and the data of digital elevation model , The distribution characteristics of soil erosion intensity on topography factors such as slope, aspect, undulation and roughness were obtained. The results showed that the degree of soil erosion in Dongliu River reaches 77.54%, of which hydraulic erosion accounts for 15.10% and wind erosion accounts for 62.44%), and the wind erosion is moderately dominated. The largest slope, undulation and surface roughness caused by wind erosion and water erosion in the watershed are not the areas where the maximum soil erosion index appears. The proportions of slope area, undulation area, roughness area and hydraulic erosion area of different grades showed a single peak trend. However, the proportion of areas with different grades of wind erosion had very good consistency and decreased with the increase of slope degree, undulation and surface roughness small. The area of hydraulic erosion first increases and then decreases with the increase of gradient, and the peak value concentrates in the range of> 3 ° ~ 6 °, while the area of wind erosion mainly concentrates in the area below 6 °. The hydraulic erosion mainly concentrates in the northeast and southwest While the wind erosion has the same trend in every aspect and the largest proportion in the northeast aspect. The wind erosion is more affected by the surface roughness and roughness than the water erosion and shows a linear negative correlation. This study can provide theoretical support for soil and water conservation in the ecotone between wind and water erosion.