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OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of uroacitide (CDA- Ⅱ ), an extraction product from normal human urine, on proliferation and differentiation of human glioma SWO-38 cells.METHODS The effects of CDA- Ⅱ on cellular survival and colony formation were determined by MTT and colony-formation assays. The in vivo anti-tumor effect of CDA- Ⅱ was examined on transplanted SWO-38 cells in nude mice. In addition, the aterations in cell morphology induced by CDA- Ⅱ were observed by H&E staining.RESULTS Treatment of SWO-38 cells with 1～5 mg/ml of CDA- Ⅱ for 3 days,resulted in 39.49%± 5.27%～65.05%± 5.89% growth inhibition with an IC50of 2.52 mg/ml. Based on the colony-formation assay, 10 days of CDA- Ⅱ treatment at a level of 0.3～2.1 mg/ml caused 23.45% ± 0.62% ～9622% ±1.01% inhibition with an IC50 of 1.03 mg/ml. Furthermore, the inhibitory response was dose-dependent. CDA- Ⅱ at dosage of 500 mg/kg or 2,000 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks significantly suppressed the growth of human glioma SWO-38 cells in nude mice, with inhibition being 47.77% and 79.94%, respectively (P ＜ 0.05, n=10). H&E staining and light microscopy revealed that CDA- Ⅱ induced differentiation of the SWO-38 cells.CONCLUSION CDA- Ⅱ has a significant anti-tumor effect on the human glioma SWO-38 cells, and is a potential and natural anti-glioma therapeutic reagent.