一、研究问题教育界习惯于把测试的影响称为Impact,语言测试界则称测试的影响为Washback,汉语翻译为“反拨作用”。测试的反拨作用既可能有害也可能有利,测试的重要地位与产生的影响成正比关系[1]。教学中的测试可以改变教师在教学过程中的行为和态度[2],也会影响到教育实践和教育信任[3]。测试能为教学提供目 First, research problems The education community is accustomed to the impact of the test called Impact, the language testing community said the impact of the test as Washback, Chinese translation as “backwash effect ”. The counterproductive effect of the test may be harmful or beneficial, and the important position of the test is directly proportional to the impact it produces [1]. Tests in teaching can change the behavior and attitudes of teachers in the teaching process [2] and also affect educational practices and educational trust [3]. Test can provide the goal for teaching