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每年全世界因乙型肝炎病毒导致死亡的人数高达100万,在感染流行区有1600万人因感染乙型肝炎病毒而致病。在英国,每年有急性感染4500例,新增慢性感染病例超过7500例,其中多数为移民。据估计,每年与乙型肝炎相关的肝细胞癌病例多达480例。每年与乙型肝炎相关的治疗费用在2600万-3．75亿英镑,相当于4800万-6．86亿美元或3700万-5．38亿欧元。本期刊登的一篇综述精要地总结了预防和治疗乙型肝炎的方案(见本期第99页)。文中也探讨了英国实施的免疫接种方式、筛查的方法以及对病毒携带者的治疗方案。英国目前采取的针对高危人群的免疫接种措施并不能对人群产生有效的保护,应以普遍免疫接种来取而代之。
The number of deaths from hepatitis B virus worldwide is as high as 1 million each year and 16 million people in the endemic area are infected with the hepatitis B virus. In the United Kingdom, there are 4,500 acute infections each year, with more than 7,500 new cases of chronic infection, the majority of whom are immigrants. It is estimated that as many as 480 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma are associated with hepatitis B each year. Annual treatment costs associated with hepatitis B range from 26 million to 375 million pounds, equivalent to between 48 million and 686 million U.S. dollars or 37 million to 538 million euros. A review published in this issue is a concise summary of the programs for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B (see page 99 of this issue). The article also explored the UK’s immunization practices, screening methods, and treatment options for carriers of the virus. The immunization measures currently adopted in the United Kingdom against high-risk groups do not provide effective protection to the population and should be replaced by universal immunization.