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AIM:To study the relationship between the expression of Fas/FasL protein and apoptosis in rats after renal ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS:Establish the models of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat and SABC immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the changes of expression of Fas/FasL protein. Pathomorphological changes in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury were observed.RESULTS:The expression of Fas/FasL proteins was negative in the sham operated group.Fas/FasL proteins were increased in renal in ischemia/reperfusion group,and gradually upregulated with the duration of ischemia or reperfusion and peaked at 72 h of reperfusion.The expression of Fas/FasL proteins was stronger in 60 min ischemia group than 30 min ischemia group and they were mainly expressed in renal tubule.We observed local necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration around infracted area in ischemia/reperfusion group by HE dyeing methods.And the necrosis area was mainly occurred around proximal convoluted tubule. CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggested that Fas/FasL proteins were over expressed after ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats renal.And Fas/FasL system was involved in the process of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.