考试作为一种社会现象是由社会矛盾引起的,它是一些社会矛盾的反映,又为解决这些社会矛盾服务。在阶级社会中,社会性考试是占主导地位的统治阶级阶级意志的体现,为其选拔阶级人才服务。无论我国古代的科举考试还是西方自近代流行至今的文官考试都深深地打上了时代及其社会属性的印记。作为社会主义的考试,首先要体现社会主义的性质,这是每一个考试工作者都必须遵循的基本原则。除此之外,对影响考试的其他社会矛盾或社会需要,也必须予以清醒的认识和认真的考虑,尤其是在我国改革开 Examination as a social phenomenon is caused by social conflicts. It is a reflection of some social conflicts and serves to solve these social conflicts. In a class society, the social examination is the embodiment of the dominant will of the dominant class and serves its chosen class of talents. Both the ancient imperial examination in China and the civil examinations that the West has been popular in modern times have marked the imprint of the times and their social attributes. As a socialist examination, we must first embody the nature of socialism, which is the basic principle that every examiner must follow. In addition, other social contradictions or social needs that affect the examination must also be clearly recognized and seriously considered, especially in China’s reform