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目的:评估不同压力的高气压暴露应激对大鼠行为和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis，HPA)生理指标的影响，为减压过程的应激防护提供依据。方法:按照数字表法将36只雄性SD大鼠随机平均分成4组，分别以0 kPa、175 kPa、350 kPa、700 kPa为空气压力变化条件暴露大鼠，稳压60 min，减压45 min。出舱后立即用动物旷场法和大鼠旷场视频分析系统分析大鼠行为，旷场实验结束后采集血清，采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清中促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotrophic hormone, ACTH)、糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid，GC)含量。结果:与0 kPa组相比，其余压力组活动总路程均显著缩短(n F＝3.354)，平均速度均显著降低(n F＝3.358)，站立次数和站立时间均显著减少和缩短(n F＝3.739，n F＝33.332)；175 kPa及700 kPa组角活动路程显著缩短(n F＝3.532)，清洁时间显著延长(n F＝4.581)；350 kPa组站立次数和清洁时间显著少于和短于700 kPa组；差异均有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。高气压暴露后，175 kPa组ACTH质量浓度显著高于0 kPa组和350 kPa组(n F＝5.309)，差异均有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。n 结论:不同压力暴露组血清中GC浓度均显著高于0 kPa组，700 kPa组显著低于175 kPa组(n F＝12.642)，差异均有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。不同压力暴露均能引起机体明确的应激反应，且机体反应与压力梯度不同步。在机体能够承受的高气压生理应激范围内，个体的应激水平可能呈现一定的稳态。个体的行为反应、ACTH和GC浓度有作为应激监测指标的可能性。n “,”Objective:To evaluate the effects of different high pressure on the behavior and physiological indexes of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) in rats, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the stress protection in decompression process.Methods:The rats were divided into four groups according to the random number table method and were separately exposed to air pressure of 0 kPa, 170 kPa, 350 kPa and 700 kPa for 60 mins and given decompression for 45 mins. The behaviors of rats were analyzed by animal open field method and video analysis system of the open field immediately after they were taken from the air pressure chamber, and the contents of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and glucocorticoid (GC) in the serum were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Under different pressure, compared with the 0 kPa group, the total distance traveled by the rats (n F=3.354), the average traveling speed (n F=3.358), the number of standing times and standing time duration (n F=3.739; n F=33.332) of the rats in the other 3 groups decreased significantly. The distance traveled in the corner of the 175 kPa group and the 700 kPa group decreased significantly (n F=3.532), while their cleaning time significantly increased (n F=4.581). The standing times and the cleaning time of the 350 kPa group were significantly less than those of the 700 kPa group. All the differences above showed statistical significance (n P<0.05). After exposure to different pressure, the ACTH level of the 175 kPa group was higher than those of the 0 kPa group and the 350 kPa group (n F=5.309) with statistical significance (n P<0.05). The GC level of the 0 kPa group was significantly lower than those of the other 3 groups, and the GC level of the 700 kPa group was especially lower than that of the 175 kPa group, with statistically significant difference (n P<0.05).n Conclusion:High pressure exposure at all levels can cause definite stress reaction, and the stress reactions do not correlate with the pressure gradient. Within the physiological bearable range of stress under high pressure, the individual stress level may present a certain steady state. The individual′s behavioral response, ACTH and GC levels may be used as indicators for stress monitoring.