综述了列车脱轨的国内外研究现状 ;分析了脱轨研究中的主要问题为 :各国制订的规范标准不能预防列车脱轨 ,未抓住主要矛盾 ,脱轨计算理论存在三个根本问题———列车轨道 (或桥梁 )时变系统振动方程组解的唯一性无保证 ,横向振动的激振源不清楚 ,该时变系统振动的随机分析问题未解决 ;提出了一条突破列车脱轨难题的能量随机分析道路、预防脱轨措施及抗脱轨安全系数的计算方法 ;计算了四个列车脱轨实例 ,计算结果均与实际发生的脱轨事故和脱轨试验测出的车辆振动响应符合。 The main problems in derailment research are analyzed as follows: The normative standards formulated by various countries can not prevent train derailment and fail to seize the main contradictions. There are three fundamental problems in derailment calculation theory --- train orbit Or bridges), the uniqueness of the solution to the system of time-varying system vibration equations is not guaranteed and the excitation sources of the transverse vibration are not clear. The stochastic analysis of the vibration of the time-varying system is not solved. A stochastic energy analysis path is proposed to break through the problem of derailment. The measures to prevent the derailment and the safety factor of derailment were calculated. Four examples of derailment were calculated. The calculated results are in accordance with the actual vehicle derailment and derailment tests.