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当今哲学家力图从信念信任、情感信任及认识信任三种不同的理论来回答信任何以保证的问题。其中第一种理论作为正统观点备受质疑和挑战;后面二种理论分别把保证信任的根据归于情感的态度或因素(如意愿、承诺等)与认识论的合理性理由(证言的可靠性、信任的认识特性等)。本文认为,这些理论的共同之处不仅是对信任境况(构成要素及条件)给予说明,而且重要的是在不同程度上遵从了信任的个体主义。最后本文讨论了厚信任(或群体信任)的观念及其保证的理论,该理论虽被人们忽视但将成为未来信任研究中的一个重要研究方向。
Today’s philosophers try to answer the question of what can be assured of trust from the three different theories of belief trust, emotional trust and cognitive trust. Among them, the first theory is challenged and challenged as an orthodox viewpoint. The latter two theories respectively regard the reasons or factors (such as wishes, promises, etc.) attributing the basis of assurance trust to the rationality of epistemology (reliability of testimony, trust Cognitive features, etc.). This paper argues that what these theories have in common is not only to give an account of the conditions of trust (elements and conditions), but more importantly, to the extent that they conform to the individualism of trust. Finally, this article discusses the concept of thick trust (or group trust) and its guarantee theory. Although ignored by people, it will become an important research direction in future trust research.