“发达经济体主要依靠全要素生产率的提升来实现更大程度的繁荣,而非靠增加工人或机器。”1776年,北美13个殖民地开始反英独立斗争的同一年,英国人亚当·斯密发表了《国富论》。从那时起,经济学家就一直试图了解,是哪些因素让一个国家的经济更具竞争力。这是一个重要的问题,因为一个国家的繁荣,以及一国民众物质上的满足,都依赖于经济生产率的提升。对于经济学家来说,最重要的问题是,一个国家生产率的提升,是因为使用了更多的机器和劳动力,还是同时有别的原因。这些“别的原因”叫做“全要素生产率”(TFP),就是通过新的、更好的方式将机器和工人结合所带来的生产率的提升。新的方式 Developed economies relied mainly on the enhancement of total factor productivity to achieve greater prosperity instead of increasing workers or machines. “In 1776, the same year that the 13 colonies in North America began the anti-British struggle for independence, the British Adam Smith published ”Wealth Theory.“ Since then, economists have been trying to understand what factors make a country’s economy more competitive. This is an important issue because the prosperity of a country and the material satisfaction of the people in a country depend on the improvement of economic productivity. The most important question for economists is whether the productivity gains in a country are due to the increased use of machines and labor or other reasons at the same time. These ”other causes “ are called ”total factor productivity " (TFP), is through new, better ways to combine the machine and the workers brought about by the productivity increase. New way