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经支气管冷冻肺活检是将冷冻探头经支气管伸入到远端小支气管，利用冷冻探头在冷冻过程中的黏附性将探头周围的组织撕裂，获得远端细支气管与肺组织标本的一项新技术。因其操作创伤小、取材大及诊断率高等因素，目前越来越多的被应用于弥漫性实质性肺病的诊断评估。本文就经支气管冷冻肺活检的诊断优势、操作原理、操作步骤、诊断效率及并发症处理等方面进行了综述，旨在提高临床医师对该项技术的认识水平，方便其在未来临床工作中的推广。“,”Transbronchial cryobiopsy is a new technique to obtain the specimens of distal bronchioles and lung tissue.During the procedure, the cryoprobe could reach the distal bronchioles through the bronchus, and the tissue around the probe could be frozen and be torn by the adhesion to the cryoprobe.Because of large sampling and high diagnosis rate with small trauma, it is more and more popular for this technique to be used in the diagnosis and evaluation of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases.This article reviewes its diagnostic advantages, operating principles and procedures, diagnostic efficiency and management for its related complications, in order to improve clinicians′ understanding of this technique and to facilitate its promotion in clinical work in the future.