Bartlett 氏将伪膜性肠炎的历史分为三个时期:第一个时期:从1893年Finney 最初报告伪膜性肠炎开始,至抗生素在医学临床使用为止。这个时期,引起伪膜性肠炎的主要危险因素是外科手术,病变部位在大肠和小肠,推断局部缺血是发生原因,预后不良。第二个时期:从抗生素出现以后至六十年代后半期为止。最大的危险因素是抗生素,特别是氯霉素、四环素、新霉素。病因是金黄色葡萄球菌,病变部位在大肠和小肠,采用粪便培养和细菌染色来诊断,用万古霉素治疗有效。第三个时期:从七十年代后半期至现在。这个时期与第二个时期相同,最大的危险因素是抗生素,特别是由于氯林肯霉素、洁霉素而引起。1979年以后,虽然由于氨苄青霉素、羟氨苄青霉素、头孢菌素的使用 Bartlett divides the history of pseudomembranous enteritis into three periods: The first period begins with Finney’s initial report of pseudomembranous colitis in 1893 until antibiotics are used clinically in medicine. During this period, the main risk factor for pseudomembranous colitis was surgery. The lesion was in the large intestine and small intestine. It was concluded that ischemia was the cause and the prognosis was poor. The second period: from the moment of antibiotic emergence until the second half of the sixties. The biggest risk factors are antibiotics, especially chloramphenicol, tetracycline and neomycin. The cause is Staphylococcus aureus, lesions in the large intestine and small intestine, stool culture and bacterial staining to diagnose, with vancomycin treatment effective. The third period: from the second half of the seventies to the present. The same period as the second period, the biggest risk factor is antibiotics, especially due to clindamycin, lincomycin. After 1979, although due to the use of ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins