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二十一、什么叫“线损”?“线损率”是如何计算的? 线路损失(简称线损)是电力企业在变压、输送电力过程中所损失的电量。线路损失一般以“线损率”来考核、计量。线路损失电量占供电量的百分比,就叫线损率。由于损失是电力部门售电成本负担的,所以它是供电企业的一项综合性技术经济指标,是反映电网运行的经济性和安全水平的指标。线损率的大小与线损管理、电网结构、电压高低和电压等级的多少、输送距离的远近以及调度管理的因素有关。线损电量与电压平方及线路送电力率平方成反比,与线路的相电阻成正比。因此,线损率有可比因素,也有不可比因素。一些工业发达国家和我国的线损率如下表。
21. What is “line loss” and how is the “line loss rate” calculated? Line loss (abbreviated as line loss) is the amount of electricity that a power company loses in the process of transforming and transmitting power. Line loss is generally assessed by “line loss rate”. Loss of line power as a percentage of power supply is called line loss. Because the loss is the cost burden of power sales, it is a comprehensive technical and economic indicator of the power supply company and an indicator that reflects the economic and safety level of the power grid operation. The size of the line loss is related to the line loss management, the grid structure, the level of voltage and voltage, the distance of the transmission distance, and the factors of the dispatch management. The line loss power is inversely proportional to the square of the voltage and the square of the power transmission rate of the line, and is proportional to the phase resistance of the line. Therefore, the line loss rate has comparable factors, there are also incomparable factors. The line loss rates of some industrialized countries and our country are shown in the table below.