大体说来,历史上存在两种不同的主体观。一种是产生于文艺复兴时期、经笛卡尔发扬光大、到黑格尔、马克思达到顶峰的理性主义主体观,它强调人的理性、能动性、历史统一性,肯定人的地位与价值,根据其对主体本质的规定可以称之为古典主义主体。另一种肇始于二十世纪初、建立在现代主义基础上的非理性主体观,它凸显人的情感、意志、生命意识,甚至是非理性的潜意识等精神本质。莫言走进中国文坛时,曾一度占驻文艺界主流的古典主义主体失去了吸引力,而 In general, there are two different views of the subject in history. One is the Rationalist view of the subjectivity that emerged during the Renaissance, spread from Descartes to Hegel and reached its peak. It emphasizes man’s rationality, initiative and historical unification, affirming the status and value of man, The essence of the provisions of the main body can be called the classic. Another kind of irrational subjective concept, based on modernism, started at the beginning of the twentieth century, highlighted the spiritual nature of human emotions, will, life awareness and even irrational subconsciousness. Mo Yan into the Chinese literary world, once occupy the mainstream of literary and art circles in the mainstream of the main lost the attraction, and