目的　探讨原发性腹膜后肿瘤的诊断及治疗。方法　对术前采用影像学检查,经手术治疗病理学证实的原发性腹膜后肿瘤61例进行临床分析。结果　61例中良性37例,恶性24例。恶性肿瘤病程短仅3.4个月,瘤体较大达14cm者,完整切除率仅45.8%,合并脏器切除率高达37.5%。良性肿瘤病程长达18.5个月,瘤体小至8cm者,完整切除率高达83.8%,合并脏器切除率较低,仅8.1%。结论　数字减影动脉造影(DSA)对术前评估有较大作用。手术完整切除是治疗的关键。 Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of primary retroperitoneal tumor. Methods The clinical data of 61 cases of primary retroperitoneal tumor confirmed by pathology were analyzed preoperatively by imaging examination. Results Among the 61 cases, 37 were benign and 24 were malignant. Short duration of malignancy was only 3.4 months, the tumor larger than 14cm, the complete resection rate was only 45.8%, combined organ resection rate as high as 37.5%. The course of benign tumor is as long as 18.5 months, the tumor is as small as 8cm, the complete resection rate is as high as 83.8%, and the combined organ resection rate is low, only 8.1%. Conclusion Digital subtraction arterial angiography (DSA) has a great effect on preoperative evaluation. Complete surgical removal is the key to treatment.