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造血系统恶性肿瘤(hematopoietic malignancy,HM)除了传统治疗方法外,各种生物治疗方法也发挥着重要作用。其中依据白血病分化障碍的特点,可以采用不同诱导分化剂进行定向诱导分化,即在不同诱导分化剂的作用下,定向诱导分化为粒系细胞、单核/巨噬细胞和DC细胞等。其次,针对HM发病机制中的关键致病基因、蛋白质或细胞膜抗原分子等,可以设计新型靶向抗体等药物。再有,鉴于白血病细胞分化障碍与DNA甲基化和染色体组蛋白乙酰化、去乙酰化异常有关,部分学者在研究白血病相关基因表观遗传学调控基础上,探讨了DNA甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化调节药物的治疗作用。另外,针对特异性肿瘤抗原或肽的肿瘤疫苗、细胞因子及其受体介导的靶向治疗,以及相对靶向性的细胞载体治疗都呈现出较好的应用前景。因此,无论是定向诱导分化,抑或是针对关键基因和分子的靶向药物,都为HM的治疗提供了新的手段,它们单独或者与其他治疗方法的联合使用,将明显提高HM的治疗效果。
Hematopoietic malignancy (HM) In addition to the traditional treatment methods, a variety of biological treatment methods also play an important role. Which according to the characteristics of leukemia differentiation disorders, different inducing differentiation agents can be used for directional differentiation, that is, under the influence of different differentiation agents, directed differentiation into granulocytes, monocytes / macrophages and DC cells. Second, we can design new targeted antibodies and other drugs against the key pathogenic genes in HM pathogenesis, proteins or cell membrane antigen molecules. Furthermore, in view of leukemia cell differentiation disorders and DNA methylation and histone acetylation, deacetylation abnormalities, some scholars in the study of leukemia-related gene epigenetic regulation based on the study of DNA methylation and histone Acetylation modulates the therapeutic effect of drugs. In addition, tumor vaccines against specific tumor antigens or peptides, cytokine and its receptor-mediated targeted therapy, and the relative targeting of the cell carrier therapy have shown a good application prospects. Therefore, both targeted induction of differentiation, or targeted drugs targeting key genes and molecules, provide a new means for the treatment of HM, which, alone or in combination with other treatments, will significantly improve the therapeutic effect of HM.