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低温下材料机械性能的研究虽在二十世纪初才开始系统的进行,但近年来已积累了一定的资料。目前,低温条件通常有二类方法来实现:第一、使用专门的低温材料试验机,如德意志民主共和国的 ZDMK 30型。该试验机带有一套冷冻设备。此法的优点:低温空间较大,试件不直接与低温介质接触,能精确调节和控制所需试验温度,能保证载荷和形变测量的精度等等。其缺点:操作维修复杂,价格昂贵,不经济,一般
Although the research on the mechanical properties of materials at low temperature began to be systematically carried out in the early twentieth century, some data have been accumulated in recent years. At present, there are generally two types of low temperature conditions to achieve: First, the use of specialized low temperature material testing machine, such as the ZDMK 30 type in the Democratic Republic of the. The tester comes with a set of freezing equipment. Advantages of this method: large space of low temperature, the specimen does not directly contact with low temperature medium, can accurately adjust and control the required test temperature, can guarantee the accuracy of load and deformation measurement and so on. The disadvantage: the operation and maintenance complex, expensive, not economical, in general