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TRIM(tripartite motif)家族因具有相似的N端结构又被称为RBCC家族，其成员在诸多与固有免疫相关的生物学过程中发挥重要作用。近年来的研究发现，TRIM家族参与宿主的胞内抗病毒作用，其中一些TRIM家族蛋白被认为是病毒的限制因子。最近，TRIM21作为E3泛素连接酶的抗病毒作用相继被报道，其可通过抗体依赖的细胞内抗病毒作用(antibody dependent intracellular neutralization，ADIN)及参与固有免疫通路发挥抗病毒作用，现就TRIM21的结构、表达分布、抗病毒作用及其机制的研究进展进行总结和综述。“,”The tripartite motif (TRIM) family is also known as the RBCC family because of its similar N-terminal structure.TRIM family plays an important role in various biological processes.In recent years, it has been found that TRIM family is involved in the intracellular antiviral effects and some of them are considered to be viral restriction factors.The antiviral effects of TRIM21, as E3-ubquitin ligase, have been reported one after another.It can play an antiviral role through antibody dependent intracellular neutralization (ADIN) and participation in natural immune pathway.This review summarized the research progress on TRIM21 structure, expression distribution, antiviral effect and mechanism of TRIM21.