目的　分析新生儿尸检资料 ,总结新生儿的常见死亡原因及死因与日龄、胎龄的关系。方法　分析整理779例新生儿尸检的尸体解剖记录、尸检结果和相关病历资料。结果　新生儿的常见死亡原因依次为窒息性因素、感染、出血性疾病、畸形及产科因素 ,不同日龄与胎龄的新生儿死因排序略有差异。而随着医疗技术水平的提高 ,感染性疾病和畸形在死因中的比例有下降趋势。将临床和病理诊断结果比较 ,误诊率为 15 % ,以窒息性因素最多见。结论　加强产后护理、预防感染、积极防治早产、强化产前检查及孕期保护是降低新生儿死亡率的有效手段。 Objective To analyze the autopsy data of newborns and summarize the common causes of death and the relationship between the causes of death and the age and gestational age. Methods The autopsies of 779 newborns were analyzed by autopsy, autopsies and related medical records. Results The common causes of neonatal death were asphyxia, infection, hemorrhagic disease, deformity and obstetric factors. There was a slight difference in the order of neonatal deaths between different days and gestational age. With the improvement of medical technology, the proportion of infectious diseases and deformities in the cause of death has a downward trend. The results of clinical and pathological diagnosis, misdiagnosis rate was 15%, the most common asphyxia factors. Conclusion Strengthening postnatal care, preventing infection, preventing and treating premature birth, strengthening prenatal care and protecting during pregnancy are effective measures to reduce neonatal mortality.