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根据各类作物产量及其相应的秸秆经济指数,计算出我国红壤丘陵区1993~2003年作物秸秆的年平均产量为33.5×1010kg,占全国作物秸秆总产量的52.1%。其中,稻草产量占该区作物秸秆总产量的53.5%,比其全国均值高出21.4个百分点;其它作物秸秆所占的比例,也与其全国均值有一定的差异。稻草和其它粮食类作物秸秆产量的年际变化与该区作物秸秆总产量的变化趋势基本一致,即1993~1997年呈逐年增长趋势,1997年后呈逐年下降趋势;而经济作物秸秆因作物种类不同,其产量的年际变化亦不相同。该区作物秸秆用于直接还田和用作工业原料的年均利用率高于全国平均水平,分别为32.0%与6.6%;用于生活取能和牲畜饲料的年均利用率低于全国平均水平,分别为22.0%与14.1%;未被利用的比例年均高达25.3%,且呈逐年上升趋势,由1993的20.6%增至2003年的29.6%,大量未被利用的作物秸秆往往就地丢弃或焚烧,浪费了有限的农业有机资源。为此,研究提出了调整秸秆利用结构、充分利用秸秆资源的基本措施与对策。
According to the crop yield and its corresponding straw economic index, the annual average yield of crop straw in the hilly red soil region of China from 1993 to 2003 was 33.5 × 1010 kg, accounting for 52.1% of the total crop straw production in China. Among them, the straw output accounted for 53.5% of the total crop straw production in the region, 21.4% higher than the national average; the proportions of other crop straw also had some differences from the national average. The interannual change of straw production in straw and other grain crops is consistent with that of total crop straw production in this area, which shows a year by year increase trend from 1993 to 1997 and a year-by-year downward trend after 1997. However, due to crop type Different, their annual output changes are not the same. The average utilization rate of crop stalks for direct return to fields and as industrial raw materials is higher than the national average of 32.0% and 6.6% respectively; and the average annual utilization of domestic straw and animal feed is lower than the national average Level, respectively, 22.0% and 14.1%; the proportion of unutilized use was as high as 25.3% annually, and showed an upward trend year by year from 20.6% in 1993 to 29.6% in 2003. The large amount of unused crop stalks was often on-site Discarded or incinerated, wasting a limited amount of agricultural organic resources. To this end, the study put forward the basic measures and countermeasures to adjust the straw utilization structure and make full use of straw resources.