水资源和能源作为基础性的自然资源和重要的战略资源,两者的相互依赖关系日益增强。煤炭、石油等化石能源生产,水力、火力、核能发电过程,以及生物燃料、页岩气等非常规油气开发均需要消耗大量的水,同时水的输送、处理系统中也需要使用能源,水与能源的密切联系被称为“水能关系”。发达国家十分重视水与能源安全的 As a basic natural resource and an important strategic resource, water resources and energy are increasingly interdependent. Unconventional oil and gas development such as coal, oil and other fossil energy production, hydropower, thermal power and nuclear power generation, as well as biofuels and shale gas, consume a large amount of water. At the same time, water, transportation and treatment systems also need energy, water and The close connection of energy is called “water energy relationship ”. Developed countries attach great importance to water and energy security