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一、前言自从锚杆问世以来,经历了半个世纪。我国试验和实际应用也有二十多年的历史。在地下工程中,人们已从施工安全角度出发,纷纷利用了锚杆支护地下围岩。特别是新奥法(奥地利隧道施工法)的出现,对锚杆的应用和岩石力学的发展,都起了推动性作用。目前已经发展到不仅仅从施工期间安全角度来使用锚杆,而且把它作为一种永久稳定的结构型式,开展了大量的研究和试验工作。我国铁道部北京科学研究院,西南研究所等单位,在这方面做了大量研究和实验工作,为锚杆系统支护围岩提出了一些理论,减少了人们对锚杆所持的一
I. INTRODUCTION Since the introduction of the bolt, it has been going through for half a century. Our experiment and practical application also have a history of more than 20 years. In underground engineering, people have taken advantage of bolts to support underground rock from the perspective of construction safety. In particular, the emergence of the New Austrian Tunneling Method (Austrian tunnel construction method) has played a catalytic role in the application of rock bolts and the development of rock mechanics. At present, it has been developed not only to use the anchor rod from the point of view of safety during construction, but also as a permanent and stable structural type, carrying out a large amount of research and experimental work. The Beijing Science Research Institute and the Southwest Research Institute of the Ministry of Railways of our country have done a lot of research and experimental work in this area, and put forward some theories for the rock bolting system to protect surrounding rocks, reducing the number of people holding the anchor rods.