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玛格丽特·桑格(Sanger,Margaret,1883—1966,旧译为山格夫人、山额夫人、珊格尔夫人等)是美国节育运动的创始人,世界计划生育运动的领袖。她于1921年创办“美国节制生育联盟”,于1927年在日内瓦组织了第一次世界人口会议,于1952年在新德里成立了“国际计划生育联合会”,并长期担任第一任主席。桑格夫人曾于1922和1935年两次来中国传播节育。她的理论在二三十年代的中国知识界引起了一场热烈的争论,并对中国社会产生了深刻的影响。本文试图综合分析桑格夫人的节育思想,探讨其对中国的影响,使人们更深刻地认识计划生育的历史必然性。
Margaret Sanger (Sanger, Margaret, 1883-1966, formerly translated as Lady Hill, Mrs. Shan, Lady Shangel, etc.) is the founder of the American birth control movement, the world leader in family planning movement. She founded the “American Union for Birth Control” in 1921 and organized the first World Population Conference in Geneva in 1927. In 1952, she formed the “International Planned Parenthood Federation” in New Delhi and held her first term of office for a long time. Mrs. Sanger traveled to China twice in 1922 and 1935 for birth control. Her theory caused a heated debate among Chinese intellectuals in the 1920s and 1930s and had a profound impact on Chinese society. This article attempts to comprehensively analyze Mrs. Sanger’s thought of birth control, discuss its influence on China and make people understand the historic inevitability of family planning more deeply.