,Paving the road toward the use of β-Fe2O3 in solar water splitting: Raman identification, phase tra

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Although β-Fe2O3 has a high theoretical solar-to-hydrogen efficiency because of its narrow band gap,the study ofβ-Fe2O3 photoanodes for water splitting is elusive as a result of their metastable nature.Raman identification ofβ-Fe2O3 is theoretically and experimentally investigated in this study for the first time,thus clarifying the debate about its Raman spectrum in the literature.Phase transformation ofβ-Fe2O3 to α-Fe2O3 was found to potentially take place under laser and electron irradiation as well as annealing.Herein,phase transformation ofβ-Fe2O3 to α-Fe2O3 was inhibited by introduction of Zr doping,and β-Fe2O3 was found to withstand a higher annealing temperature without any phase transformation.T-he solar water splitting photocurrent of the Zr-doped β-Fe2O3 photoanode was increased by 500% compared to that of the pure β-Fe2O3 photoanode.Additionally,Zr-dopedβ-Fe2O3 exhibited very good stability during the process of solar water splitting.TThese results indicate that by improving its thermal stability,metastable β-Fe2O3 film is a promising photoanode for solar water splitting.
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