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目的探讨海口市青少年儿童高血压的参考诊断标准。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法获取海口市四个行政辖区内14所初中68个班级的4 133名学生样本,问卷调查血压相关影响因素,并对身高、体重、三个血压值(SBP、DBPK4/K5)进行测定。结果 (1)在11~16岁年龄段,无论男女,SBP、DBPK4/K5都有随年龄增长而升高的趋势,且男生各年龄组的SBP均高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男女学生的血压在市区与城郊间的多数年龄组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)女生12~14岁的SBP以及12岁、13岁的DBPK5与身高成正相关,相关系数最大者为0.15;男生11~15岁的SBP与身高成正相关,最大的相关系数为0.49,12~14岁的DBPK4/K5也与身高呈正相关。无论男女,12~14岁学生的BMI与三个血压值多呈正相关,且与SBP的相关性高于DBPK4/K5。(3)12~14岁年龄段,男生SBP的高血压参考诊断标准(P90、P95、P99)比女生的高,但DBPK4/K5的则较相近;无论男女,高值血压与高血压Ⅰ期不如高血压Ⅰ与Ⅱ期的界线清晰。结论海口市正常初中男女学生的高血压诊断标准与中国儿童青少年相应年龄组的参照标准比较,SBP相近,但DBPK4和DBPK5是本市稍高于全国,DBPK4最大相差12 mm Hg。
Objective To explore the reference diagnostic criteria of hypertension in children and adolescents in Haikou. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to obtain 4 133 students from 68 junior high schools in 14 junior high schools in Haikou City. The influencing factors of blood pressure were surveyed by questionnaire. Height, weight, three blood pressure (SBP, DBPK4 / K5). Results (1) SBP and DBPK4 / K5 all showed an increasing tendency with age in 11 ~ 16 age group, and SBP in boys of all age groups were higher than girls, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between male and female students in most age groups in urban and suburban areas (P> 0.05). (2) There was a positive correlation between SBP of 12-14-year-old girls and DBPK5 of 12-year-old and 13-year-old girls with a height of 0.15. The SBP of 11-15-year-old boys was positively correlated with height, the biggest correlation coefficient was 0.49,12 DBPK4 / K5 ~ 14 years old also had a positive correlation with height. Both men and women, 12 to 14-year-old BMI and three blood pressure values were mostly positively correlated, and with SBP higher than DBPK4 / K5. (3) The reference diagnostic criteria (P90, P95, P99) of SBP in boys aged 12 to 14 were higher than that of girls, but DBPK4 / K5 was similar; both men and women, high blood pressure and hypertension stage Ⅰ As the high blood pressure Ⅰ and Ⅱ clear boundaries. Conclusion The diagnostic criteria of hypertension in male and female students of normal junior middle school in Haikou City are similar to the reference standards of Chinese children and adolescents in corresponding age groups. However, DBPK4 and DBPK5 are slightly higher than the whole country in the city, with a maximum difference of 12 mm Hg in DBPK4.