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技术进步对劳动者就业的影响问题是一个历久弥新的话题。在西方经济学中,从古典学派开始,到新古典主义学派、熊彼特创新与周期性理论学派,再到技术—经济范式理论学派,各个学派对技术进步的就业影响进行了深入的探讨和研究。在马克思主义的经典理论中,马克思从生产力和生产关系的角度出发,对古典经济理论中的“补偿理论”进行了彻底地扬弃,在考察机器排挤工人现象的同时,辩证地考察了机器的使用对于就业的促进作用。后世学者对于此问题的研究都建立在这些理论基础之上,他们的研究主要集中在两个方面:一是技术进步对就业量的影响,二是技术进步对就业结构的影响。借鉴这些文献的研究成果,对指导经济社会发展具有积极意义。
The impact of technological progress on the employment of workers is a long-lasting topic. In Western economics, from the classical school to the neoclassical school, the Schumpeterian school of innovation and the theory of cyclical theory, and then to the techno-economic paradigm school of thought, various schools conducted in-depth discussions on the employment impact of technological progress and the study. In the classic Marxist theory, from the perspective of productivity and production relations, Marx completely abandoned the “theory of compensation” in classical economic theory. While examining the phenomena of the machines pushing aside workers, they diag- nosed the machine The use of employment for the promotion role. The study of this issue by later scholars is based on these theories. Their research mainly focuses on two aspects: one is the impact of technological progress on employment, and the other is the impact of technological progress on employment structure. Learning from the research results of these literatures has positive significance in guiding economic and social development.