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研究了免耕和少耕对松嫩平原地区农田土壤温度、土壤水分、土壤紧实性等物理特性和大豆产量的影响。结果表明:在春季大豆播种期,免耕处理(NT)土壤含水量高于少耕(RT)和传统耕作(CT)。在大豆生长前期,免耕条件下的土壤平均温度低于传统耕作和少耕,传统耕作和少耕接近,免耕模式的土壤温度日较差低于少耕和传统耕作。5~20 cm深度内,免耕条件下的土壤容重高于传统耕作,在10~20 cm深度内,免耕和少耕接近。不同模式间的土壤机械阻力表现出差异,在0~20 cm深度内,免耕高于少耕和传统耕作。不同耕作模式间的大豆产量差异不显著。短期保护性耕作试验结果表明:在当地气候和土壤条件下应用少免耕模式,能够减少春季播种期间土壤水分损失和沙尘暴侵袭造成的危害,同时对大豆产量并没有造成不利影响。
The effects of no-tillage and tillage on physical properties such as soil temperature, soil moisture, soil compaction and soybean yield in Songnen Plain were studied. The results showed that no soil tillage (NT) soil water content was higher than that of low tillage (RT) and traditional tillage (CT) in the spring soybean sowing period. In the early stage of soybean growth, the average soil temperature under no-till conditions was lower than that of the traditional tillage and tillage, the traditional tillage and the tillage were close to each other, and the no-tillage mode had lower soil temperature daily than the tillage and the traditional tillage. Under the depth of 5-20 cm, the bulk density of soil under no-tillage was higher than that of conventional tillage, and no tillage and tillage were close at depth of 10-20 cm. Soil mechanics resistance varied with different modes. No-till was higher than tillage and traditional tillage at the depth of 0-20 cm. There was no significant difference in soybean yield between different farming patterns. The results of short-term conservation tillage trial showed that applying no-till mode under local climate and soil conditions can reduce the harm caused by soil moisture loss and sandstorm invasion during sowing in spring while not adversely affecting soybean yield.