The concept of the beam propagation factor M2 is extended for chromatic laser beams. The definition of the beam propagation factor can be generalized with the weighted effective wavelength. Using the new definition of factor M2, the propagation of chromat
Response features of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb were examined using principal component analysis to determine whether they contain information about odorant stimuli. Using microwire electrode array to record from the olfactory bulb in freely breat
Under the approximations of (1) the received irradiance fluctuations of an optical wave caused by small scale turbulent eddies are multiplicatively modulated by the fluctuations caused by large scale turbulent eddies; (2) the scintillations caused by smal