由于各国综合实力不同,各国所拥有的影响力和话语权远非均等,强势国家与弱势国家的不同权力、不同地位构成了国际框架中的等级秩序。各国既相互合作、相互依存,又有或隐或显的相互博弈、相互遏制。合作是相对的,竞争与博弈是绝对的。这是我们讨论国与国之间文化关系的基本语境。在这种既合作又博弈的错综复杂的国际关系体系中,如何对待他国他族文化,如何与文化传统相异的他国他族相处,是一个非常重要的问题。强势国家常将自己的文化描述为唯一合理、唯一正当的文化,甚至树立为标准,以此批评弱势国家的文化,否定其文化正当性,并进而按照自己的利益改造之。弱势国家如何看待强势国家的文化权力和影响,如何在认可其 Owing to the different comprehensive strengths of all countries, the influence and right of discourse held by various countries are far from equal. The different powers and positions of the strong and the disadvantaged countries constitute the hierarchical order in the international framework. All countries cooperate with each other and are interdependent, with each other playing a concealed or obvious game of mutual restraint. Cooperation is relative, competition and the game is absolute. This is the basic context in which we discuss the cultural relations between nations. In this complex system of international relations that is both cooperative and game-based, it is a very important issue how to deal with his ethnic cultures in other countries and how to deal with other ethnic groups in other countries with different cultural traditions. Strong countries often describe their own culture as the only reasonable and only legitimate culture, even as a standard, in order to criticize the culture of disadvantaged countries, to deny their cultural legitimacy and then to transform it according to their own interests. How can the disadvantaged countries recognize their cultural power and influence in a strong country?