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目前已发现250多种血型表位,且多数为整合于红细胞上的蛋白和糖蛋白。其中有些血型表位的功能已经明确:Diego(区带3)是红细胞阴离子交换通道;Kidd是尿素转运通道;Colton(水通道1)是水通道;Cromer(DAF)和Knops(CRI)是补体调节因子;Diego(区带3)和Gerbich(血型糖蛋白C/D)连接红细胞膜和膜骨架。Duffy糖蛋白是化学因子受体,用来清除外周血中的炎性介质,但也可以被间日疟原虫的裂殖子作为受体利用。某些血型抗原因与已知功能的蛋白和糖蛋白的结构相似,可推知其功能。例如:Lutheran、LW、和Ok糖蛋白都是受体和信号传导因子中免疫球蛋白超家族的成员,而Rh蛋白和相关的糖蛋白则表明与铵转运通道具有同源性,Kell糖蛋白则与内肽酶家族相似。然而,多数血型系统都存在与明显的病理学不相关的无效表型。如果这些血型抗原都具有重要功能的话,那么在它们缺失的情况下,别的结构肯定能执行它们的功能。至于血型多态性的生物学意义几乎还是一无所知。
So far, more than 250 blood group epitopes have been found, and most of them are proteins and glycoproteins that are integrated on erythrocytes. Some of these blood group epitope functions have been clarified: Diego (zone 3) is a red blood cell anion exchange channel; Kidd is a urea transport channel; Colton (water channel 1) is a water channel; Cromer (DAF) and Knops Factors; Diego (zone 3) and Gerbich (glycophorin C / D) connect the erythrocyte membrane and membrane scaffolds. Duffy glycoprotein is a chemical factor receptor that is used to remove inflammatory mediators from peripheral blood but can also be used as a receptor by the merozoite of merozoites. Some blood group antigens have similar functions to those of known proteins and glycoproteins. For example, Lutheran, LW, and Ok glycoproteins are both members of the immunoglobulin superfamily of receptors and signaling proteins whereas Rh proteins and related glycoproteins show homology to the ammonium transport pathway whereas Kell glycoproteins Similar to the endopeptidase family. However, most blood group systems have an inactive phenotype that is unrelated to obvious pathology. If all of these blood group antigens have important functions, other structures will certainly perform their function in the absence of them. As for the biological significance of blood group polymorphism is still almost unknown.