目的分析基层医务工作者常将矽肺误诊为肺结核的原因,引起临床医生的重视。方法以在2006-2010年从基层医院转云南省第三人民医院的33例矽肺误诊为肺结核的临床资料分析。结果基层医院在对患者进行诊断的过程中大多数忽略了患者的职业史,缺乏综合分析。结论强调在基层医务人员中普及职业病知识的重要性。 Objective To analyze the reasons why primary medical workers often misdiagnose silicosis as tuberculosis, arousing the attention of clinicians. Methods The clinical data of 33 cases of silicosis misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis from the primary hospital to the Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed. Results The primary hospital neglected the patient’s occupational history in the diagnosis of patients, the lack of comprehensive analysis. Conclusions The importance of popularizing occupational disease knowledge among primary health care workers is emphasized.