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“乡下人”一语大抵滥觞于明代的民间文学,是城里人对来自农村或集镇之人的俗称或农民的谦称,明清小说对其识见浅陋的描写和自卑谦恭的刻画,显示了城乡个体之间的心理落差,但尚未呈现出对乡下人的整体透视与排斥。20世纪以来,知识分子在探求国家命运的文化反思中,重新检视传统文化与中国农民,将“乡下人”群体纳入城市主流舆论中,原本着眼于居住地域或职业的群体称谓,逐渐被赋予愚昧、落后的文化标识。在青岛,乡村的破败、枯燥与乡下人的困窘、浅陋成为城市人的集体记忆。“乡下人”话语在近代青岛的聚焦与变化,折射出近代中国城乡间继经济发展、生活形态差距日益扩大的同时,城里人与乡下人两大群体间逐渐疏离。
The term “countryman” is mostly originated from the folk literature in the Ming Dynasty. It is the common name or the modest name of the peasant in the city from the rural or market township, the description of humbleness and humility in the Ming and Qing novels, Shows the psychological gap between urban and rural individuals, but has not yet shown the overall perspective and exclusion of the rural people. Since the 20th century, in the cultural introspection of seeking the destiny of the country, the intellectuals have re-examined the traditional culture and Chinese peasants and incorporated the “country people” into the mainstream media in the city. Originally, Give ignorance, backward cultural identity. In Qingdao, the dilapidation of the countryside, the boring and the embarrassment of the country people became the collective memory of urban people. The focus and change of the “country folk” discourse in modern Qingdao reflect that between the urban and rural areas in modern China, the urban and rural areas gradually alienated from each other in the following two major groups: the economic development and the widening gap in life forms.