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在蒙古史学史上18世纪是一个很重要的时期,蒙古地区出现了有影响力的几部蒙古文史书。其中,1739年扎噜特旗达尔玛所著《金轮千辐》颇具代表性。本文从当时的政治背景、经济条件、文化背景等三个方面来叙述了《金轮千辐》成书背景。认为,至18世纪中叶时,清朝已经通过封爵、赏赐、联姻等措施,巩固了其在蒙古地区的统治,因此稳定的政治环境为本书的写就提供了政治基础。从经济条件来讲,从康熙朝中期开始,漠南蒙古地区基本无战事,并且清政府经济上扶持,到18世纪中叶时蒙古地区的经济逐渐恢复,这为《金轮千辐》的成书提供了经济上的保障。文化方面,首先是继承了前代蒙古文史书的写史传统,再有清朝为了管理蒙古贵族,继承并发扬蒙古固有的修纂宗谱传统,将其纳入国家日常公务范围,予以主持。
In the history of Mongolia, the eighteenth century was a very important period. Several influential Mongol history books appeared in Mongolia. Among them, 1739 Zhaluotete Dalma by “Golden Wheel thousand spokes” is quite representative. This article describes the book background of “Jin-Lun-Qian-Spoke” from the following three aspects: political background, economic condition and cultural background at that time. Argues that by the middle of the eighteenth century the Qing dynasty had consolidated its rule in Mongolia through such measures as knighthoods, rewards and marriage, so that a stable political environment provided the political basis for the book’s writing. From the economic conditions, from the mid-Kangxi dynasty, basically no war in the southern region of Monan, and the Qing government economic support, by the mid-18th century, Mongolia’s economy gradually restored, which for the “Golden Wheel thousands of spoke” Economic security. In terms of culture, firstly, it inherited the tradition of writing history of the Mongolian history books of the previous generation. In order to manage the Mongol aristocracy, the Qing Dynasty inherited and carried forward Mongolia’s inherent tradition of compiling pedigree and incorporated it into the daily routine of the country.