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民间文学研究中的“传承人”概念与非物质文化遗产保护机制中的“传承人”概念既有共性,也有差异。后者由于涉及相关立法与政策,在“传承人”的认定程序和数量上有特殊的规定,更强调“代表性”和“荣誉性”的特征。非物质文化遗产传承人的价值已经超越了个体的一般价值,担负着保存民间文化形态、教育示范与普及传统知识的社会责任,成为一类特殊的公众人物。传承人保护问题正是当前民间文学类非物质文化遗产保护的瓶颈与难题所在,在相关的法律制度、社会保障、公众影响力等方面均有待完善与提高。
The concept of “heirloom” in the study of folklore and the concept of “hereditary person” in the protection mechanism of intangible cultural heritage have both commonalities and differences. The latter, due to the relevant legislation and policies, have special provisions on the procedure and quantity of recognition of the “heir” and more on the characteristics of “representation” and “honor”. The value of inheritors of intangible cultural heritage has surpassed the individual’s general value and assumed the social responsibilities of preserving folk culture, educating, demonstrating and popularizing traditional knowledge, and has become a kind of special public figure. Inheritance protection is precisely the bottleneck and problem of the current non-material cultural heritage protection in folk literature, which needs to be improved and improved in relevant legal systems, social security and public influence.